What is Knee Replacement Surgery?
Knee replacement surgery (also called knee arthroplasty) is a procedure to replace damaged or worn surfaces of the knee joint with artificial components (implants). The goal is to eliminate pain, restore function, and improve quality of life when conservative treatments are no longer effective.
Dr Lai offers both total knee replacement (replacing all three compartments of the knee) and partial knee replacement (replacing only the damaged portion), depending on the extent and location of your arthritis.
When is Knee Replacement Recommended?
Knee replacement is typically considered when:
- Severe knee pain that limits daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, or getting in/out of chairs
- Pain at rest or at night that disturbs sleep
- Chronic swelling or stiffness that doesn't improve with rest or medications
- Knee deformity such as bowing in or out
- Failed conservative treatments including medications, injections, and physiotherapy
Common conditions treated with knee replacement include osteoarthritis (wear-and-tear arthritis), rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis.
Total vs Partial Knee Replacement
Total Knee Replacement
Replaces all three compartments of the knee joint.
Best for:
- Widespread arthritis affecting multiple areas
- Significant ligament damage
- Inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid)
Benefits:
- Complete pain relief for entire knee
- Well-established long-term results
- Addresses all affected areas
Partial Knee Replacement
Replaces only the damaged compartment of the knee.
Best for:
- Arthritis limited to one compartment
- Intact ligaments
- Active patients seeking faster recovery
Benefits:
- Smaller incision, less tissue disruption
- Faster recovery and rehabilitation
- More natural-feeling knee movement
- Preserves healthy bone and tissue
Dr Lai will assess your X-rays, examine your knee, and discuss which option is most suitable for your specific condition and goals.
What to Expect
Pre-Surgery Assessment
Comprehensive evaluation including X-rays, blood tests, and medical clearance. Discussion of implant options and surgical plan.
The Surgery
Surgery takes approximately 1-2 hours under spinal or general anaesthesia. Hospital stay is typically 2-3 days.
Immediate Recovery (Day 1)
Walking with a frame or crutches usually starts the day after surgery, with a physiotherapist. Start gentle range-of-motion exercises.
Early Recovery (2-6 weeks)
Transition from walking aids to walking independently. Regular physiotherapy to rebuild strength and mobility.
Full Recovery (3-12 months)
Continue strengthening. Most patients experience significant pain relief by 3 months, with continued improvement up to 1 year.
Knee Replacement at a Glance
Life After Knee Replacement
Most patients experience dramatic improvement in their quality of life after knee replacement:
Activities You Can Enjoy
- Walking and hiking
- Swimming and cycling
- Golf
- Light tennis (doubles)
- Dancing
- Gardening
Activities to Avoid
- High-impact sports (running, jumping)
- Contact sports (football, rugby)
- Skiing
- Heavy lifting
The goal is to help you return to a pain-free, active lifestyle. Dr Lai will discuss activity guidelines specific to your situation and goals.
Frequently Asked Questions About Knee Replacement
When is knee replacement surgery recommended?
Knee replacement is recommended when conservative treatments (medications, injections, physiotherapy) no longer provide adequate pain relief, and arthritis significantly impacts your daily life. Common signs include persistent knee pain, stiffness, difficulty walking or climbing stairs, and pain that disturbs sleep.
What is the difference between total and partial knee replacement?
Total knee replacement replaces all three compartments of the knee joint, while partial (unicompartmental) replacement only replaces the damaged portion. Partial replacement preserves more bone and ligaments, potentially offering faster recovery and more natural knee movement. Dr Lai will assess which option is most suitable based on your arthritis pattern.
How long does a knee replacement last?
How long a knee replacement lasts depends on your activity level, weight and the type of implant. Dr Lai will talk you through what to expect for your knee, and regular reviews after surgery help pick up any wear early.
What is the recovery time for knee replacement?
Most patients stay in hospital for 2-3 days after surgery. You'll begin walking with support on the first day after surgery. Most patients can walk without aids by 4-6 weeks and drive by 6-8 weeks. Significant improvement is typically seen by 3 months, with continued improvement up to 1 year.